Lipscomb House
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Lipscomb House, or Lipscombe House, is a historic
Federal Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...
-style
plantation A plantation is an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. The ...
house in
Durham, North Carolina Durham ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the county seat of Durham County, North Carolina, Durham County. Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County, North Carolina, Orange County and Wake County, North Carol ...
, United States. The Lipscomb Plantation, sitting on 2,000 acres between the
Eno River The Eno River, named for the Eno Native Americans who once lived along its banks, is the initial tributary of the Neuse River in North Carolina, United States. Descendants of European immigrants settled along the Eno River in the latter 1740s and ...
and the
Little River Little River may refer to several places: Australia Streams New South Wales *Little River (Dubbo), source in the Dubbo region, a tributary of the Macquarie River * Little River (Oberon), source in the Oberon Shire, a tributary of Coxs River (Haw ...
, was one of the largest forced-labor cotton farms in Durham County. The plantation was part of the
Trading Path The Trading Path (a.k.a. Occaneechi Path, The Path to the Catawba, the Catawba Road, Indian Trading Path, Unicoi Turnpike, Warriors' Path, etc.) is not simply one wide path, as many named historic roads were or are. It was a corridor of roads an ...
, used by
Catawba Catawba may refer to: *Catawba people, a Native American tribe in the Carolinas *Catawba language, a language in the Catawban languages family *Catawban languages Botany * Catalpa, a genus of trees, based on the name used by the Catawba and other ...
and Waxhaw Native American tribes trading between
Petersburg, Virginia Petersburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,458. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines Petersburg (along with the city of Colonial Heights) with Din ...
, and
Hillsborough, North Carolina The town of Hillsborough is the county seat of Orange County, North Carolina, United States and is located along the Eno River. The population was 6,087 in 2010, but it grew rapidly to 9,660 by 2020. Its name was unofficially shortened to "Hillsb ...
. The house is now run as a
bed and breakfast Bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. Bed and breakfasts are often private family homes and typically have between four and eleven rooms, wit ...
.


History

In 1755, Joseph Brittain received a
land grant A land grant is a gift of real estate—land or its use privileges—made by a government or other authority as an incentive, means of enabling works, or as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service. Grants ...
of more than one thousand acres between the
Eno River The Eno River, named for the Eno Native Americans who once lived along its banks, is the initial tributary of the Neuse River in North Carolina, United States. Descendants of European immigrants settled along the Eno River in the latter 1740s and ...
and the
Little River Little River may refer to several places: Australia Streams New South Wales *Little River (Dubbo), source in the Dubbo region, a tributary of the Macquarie River * Little River (Oberon), source in the Oberon Shire, a tributary of Coxs River (Haw ...
, from
John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, 7th Seigneur of Sark, (; 22 April 16902 January 1763), commonly known by his earlier title Lord Carteret, was a British statesman and Lord President of the Council from 1751 to 1763; he worked extremely close ...
. A two-story house was built on the property in 1775. The land was later transferred from Brittain to William Cain. It passed down through the family to Edward Davis and his wife. In 1834, Davis sold the plantation to John D. Lipscomb, a wealthy planter and textile businessman who was a partner in Alpha Woolen Mills. Around 1835, Lipscomb built a side-gabled
Federal-style Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the newly founded United States between 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815, which was heavily based on the works of Andrea Palladio with several inn ...
house, joining it to the earlier house, which then served as a rear wing. Additions were made to the central structure in the early and mid-twentieth century. In 1838 a post office was operated, likely in a store, on the plantation. The Lipscomb Plantation, with 2,000 acres, was one of the largest cotton plantations in Durham County. John Lipscom, along with Paul Cameron and Fendal Southerland, produced 90 percent of the county's cotton. The Lipscomb House is now run as a
bed and breakfast Bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. Bed and breakfasts are often private family homes and typically have between four and eleven rooms, wit ...
called the Arrowhead Bed and Breakfast Inn. The name comes from a large stone arrowhead on the property, at the corner of Roxboro and Mason Roads, which marks the route of the
Trading Path The Trading Path (a.k.a. Occaneechi Path, The Path to the Catawba, the Catawba Road, Indian Trading Path, Unicoi Turnpike, Warriors' Path, etc.) is not simply one wide path, as many named historic roads were or are. It was a corridor of roads an ...
. The arrowhead monument, built in 1931, commemorates the plantation's role in the trading routes of
Catawba Catawba may refer to: *Catawba people, a Native American tribe in the Carolinas *Catawba language, a language in the Catawban languages family *Catawban languages Botany * Catalpa, a genus of trees, based on the name used by the Catawba and other ...
and Waxhaw tribes, who traded between
Petersburg, Virginia Petersburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,458. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines Petersburg (along with the city of Colonial Heights) with Din ...
, and
Hillsborough, North Carolina The town of Hillsborough is the county seat of Orange County, North Carolina, United States and is located along the Eno River. The population was 6,087 in 2010, but it grew rapidly to 9,660 by 2020. Its name was unofficially shortened to "Hillsb ...
. In 2007, a family reunion was held at the house for descendants of people enslaved on the plantation. Gwendolyn Olson, whose ancestors were enslaved on the plantation, compiled a short history of the slaves on the Lipscomb plantation, which is made available to guests at the Arrowhead Inn.


References

{{coord, 36.11811, -78.90354, format=dms, type:landmark_region:US-NC, display=title Bed and breakfasts in North Carolina Cotton plantations in the United States Federal architecture in North Carolina Houses completed in 1775 Houses completed in 1835 Houses in Durham, North Carolina Native American history of North Carolina Plantation houses in North Carolina